“Global Individual Asset Identifiers (GIAI) are a GS1 identification key used to uniquely identify fixed or individual assets—such as equipment, tools, IT hardware, medical devices, machinery, or any long‑lived asset requiring tracking, maintenance, or lifecycle management. Unlike the GRAI, which identifies returnable or reusable transport assets (e.g., crates, pallets, kegs), the GIAI identifies a specific asset itself, typically one that is owned, capitalized, and maintained over a long period.”